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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">数据结构</h1>
        

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        <h3 id="1-哈希（Hash）"><a href="#1-哈希（Hash）" class="headerlink" title="1.哈希（Hash）"></a>1.哈希（Hash）</h3><p>计数排序中的桶，比快排快<br>数组就是哈希</p>
<h3 id="2-队列-（Queue）"><a href="#2-队列-（Queue）" class="headerlink" title="2.队列 （Queue）"></a>2.队列 （Queue）</h3><p>先进先出<br>可以用数组实现<br>操作用：push进 shift出<br>举例：火车站买票，先买先进</p>
<h3 id="3-栈-（Stack）"><a href="#3-栈-（Stack）" class="headerlink" title="3.栈  （Stack）"></a>3.栈  （Stack）</h3><p>先进后出<br>可以用数组实现<br>操作用：push进 pop出<br>举例：进电梯，先进的人后出</p>
<h3 id="4-链表"><a href="#4-链表" class="headerlink" title="4.链表"></a>4.链表</h3><p>链表比数组的好处是，删除中间的一项很简单，但是查询中间的一项很麻烦<br><img src="https://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/11007474-023e2b5713d26e8d.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240" alt="image.png"></p>
<h3 id="5-树（tree）"><a href="#5-树（tree）" class="headerlink" title="5.树（tree）"></a>5.树（tree）</h3><ul>
<li>举例：层级结构、DOM</li>
<li>概念：层数、深度、节点个数</li>
<li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E6%A0%91" title="null" target="_blank" rel="noopener">二叉树</a>(Binary tree)<br>是每个节点最多只有两个分支(不存在分支度大于2的节点)的<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="树结构" target="_blank" rel="noopener">树结构</a>。通常分支被称作“左子树”和“右子树”。二叉树的分支具有左右次序，不能颠倒。</li>
<li><p>树和二叉树的三个主要差别：<br>树的结点个数至少为 1，而二叉树的结点个数可以为 0<br>树中结点的最大度数没有限制，而二叉树结点的最大度数为 2<br>树的结点无左、右之分，而二叉树的结点有左、右之分<br>在计算机科学中，二叉树是每个节点最多有两个子树的树结构。通常子树被称作“左子树”（left subtree）和“右子树”（right subtree）。二叉树常被用于实现<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E6%90%9C%E5%B0%8B%E6%A8%B9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">二叉查找树</a>和<a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%89%E5%A0%86" target="_blank" rel="noopener">二叉堆</a>。</p>
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<li><p>满二叉树<br>最后一层分支是满的</p>
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<li>完全二叉树<br>出最后一层外，若其余都是满的，并且最后一层满的（或全满）或者是在右边确实连续若干节点则此二叉树为完全二叉树。</li>
<li>堆<br><strong>堆排序就是把最大堆堆顶的最大数取出，将剩余的堆继续调整为最大堆，再次将堆顶的最大数取出，这个过程持续到剩余数只有一个时结束。</strong><br>堆（二叉堆）可以视为一棵完全的二叉树，完全二叉树的一个“优秀”的性质是，除了最底层之外，每一层都是满的，这使得堆可以利用数组来表示（普通的一般的二叉树通常用链表作为基本容器表示），每一个结点对应数组中的一个元素。</li>
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<li>最大堆：<br>最大堆中的最大元素值出现在根结点（堆顶）<br>堆中每个父节点的元素值都大于等于其孩子结点（如果存在）</li>
<li>最小堆：<br>最小堆中的最小元素值出现在根结点（堆顶）<br>堆中每个父节点的元素值都小于等于其孩子结点（如果存在）</li>
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-哈希（Hash）"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">1.哈希（Hash）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-队列-（Queue）"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2.队列 （Queue）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-栈-（Stack）"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">3.栈  （Stack）</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-链表"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">4.链表</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#5-树（tree）"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">5.树（tree）</span></a></li></ol></div>
            

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